I've been running a bitcoin only e-commerce business for 6 months now.

Previous currencies might have involved cryptography, but not to the extent that Bitcoin employs it.

What is special about it, is that the cryptographic schemes behind Bitcoin allows it to be DECENTRALIZED. There is no company, or body that can be swayed into changing the allocation of the currency. The bitcoin protocol is truly impressive in the way that it is almost it's own autonomous institution, providing value to humanity, and thus being supported by human activity.

Here's a brief run down of how it works, with some shortcuts.

1. "Bitcoin" is a decentralized means of tracking and assigning wealth or economic value. Bitcoin is a software protocol, computer network, idea, community, movement, etc.

2. A "bitcoin" is a unit of the currency that is moved around by the Bitcoin network.

3. Central to Bitcoin is a public ledger, known as the Block Chain. Roughly every 10 minutes, a new "block" is added to this chain or ledger. This ledger records all of the transaction that have taken place in the last 10 minutes, and what quantities of bitcoin currency are now held at different public addresses.

4. A public address is a a 27 to 34 character string of uppercase, lowercase letters and the digits from 0 to 9. AKA base 58.

5. Each public address has a corresponding private key. Whoever has this key, may spend the coins that are held at this private address. Private keys are 51 characters long in the same format as a public address.

6. To spend an amount of bitcoin, you must use your private key to cryptographically sign the transaction, sending your bitcoin to another address.

7. This message or transaction is then broadcast to the network, and the computers in the network begin working to write into the block chain (or public ledger) that your address no longer has the amount that was sent, but that that amount is now held at the receiving address.

8. Each new set of transaction is recorded on the block chain, every 10 minutes as mentioned above.

9. All of the computers that are working to write new blocks to the block chain, are known as miners.

10. These computers are all racing to solve a cryptographic puzzle, which is required to write the new block.

11. The computer that solves the puzzle, and writes the new block receives an award of newly created bitcoin.

12. The reward associated with each block began at 50 in 2009, is now 25, and will halve every 4 years, until an ultimate quantity of 21 million bitcoin are created.

13. This transparency is a large part of the value created by Bitcoin, in that the rate of creation, and current amount in existence is known.

That is my best attempt at translating what has taken me months to wrap my head around, and the implications go much further. I'm happy to answer other questions about Bitcoin; the system, the community, or business challenges and opportunities associated with it.

The main different between bitcon and the rest of the digital currencies, even eGold which was backed by something real (gold), is that it is decentralized.

That means that nobody "owns" the bitcoin network, so there is no central point of failure.

Previously, when a digital currency would get to the point of near critical mass, a government would step in and shut it down.

That, combined with the public ledger system of bitcoin, make it superior to any other cryptocurrency that has been attempted in the past.

It also does not mean that it will be the best, there's another cryptocurrency called Ripple which is both a currency exchange protocol and a currency (XRP) that is also gaining traction.

The key element of bitcoin that makes it widely accepted is its decentralized nature which means that it is not regulated by any central authority. This gives users more control over their money without having to worry about any intermediary like a bank or government that keeps track of the transactions.

Another reason for it being better is its lower transaction fees. Due to this, cryptocurrencies especially bitcoins are chosen as a popular means for sending money across borders. Fiat currencies carry along several transactional fees which make the whole process a lot more expensive.

Economic recessions have bought attention to many insufficiencies associated with fiat money. This is another reason why bitcoins are gaining momentum in their adoption. They are also helpful towards achieving a cashless society which is why many are promoting it.

Privacy is another basis for the popularity of the bitcoin, as users do not have to share any personal details to perform payments and transactions. Several altcoins have been developed whose main feature is to offer utmost privacy to its users.

Unlike fiat currencies, which take longer time to complete transactions, crypto payments are quick. Meaning they involve quick settlements with shorter duration.

You can read more about bitcoin at https://www.epixelmlmsoftware.com/blog/bitcoin-beginners-guide

One word, immutability. What makes bitcoin so revolutionary is the inability to change or reverse transactions, thus solving the "double spending" problem that previous digital currencies faced in the past. The decentralized nature of the bitcoin blockchain creates trust for the users of the currency by making transactions harder to either hack or manipulate from a supply standpoint; which in turn provides faith in the stability of the currency.

The answer can be understood well when we compare bitcoin with other cryptocurrencies. Let me compare Bitcoin with Litecoin.
By far the most fundamental technical difference between Bitcoin and Litecoin are the different cryptographic algorithms that they employ. Bitcoin makes use of the longstanding SHA-256 algorithm, whereas Litecoin makes use of a comparatively new algorithm known as Scrypt. Some members of the currency network, known as miners, allocate their computing resources toward confirming the transactions of other users. In exchange for doing so, these miners are rewarded by earning units of the currency which they have mined.
You can read more here: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/042015/bitcoin-vs-litecoin-whats-difference.asp
Besides if you do have any questions give me a call: https://clarity.fm/joy-brotonath